Memristors: types, characteristics and prospects of use as the main element of the future artificial intelligence

This paper reviews extant literature on the memristor as one of the main elements of neuromorphic computing, in particular, the future of artificial intelligence. It outlines the main characteristics and parameters of memristors based on various active layers. In particular, the paper discusses the memristors based on two-dimensional materials of planar and vertical architecture. The physical mechanisms of resistive switching on which the principles of operation of memristors are based are considered separately. At the end of the article, we point out the main advantages and disadvantages in comparison with the existing memory elements used in classical computers.