Design of a Basic BMS: A Warning System

The latest transformation in the transportation sec- tor in the form of Electric Vehicles is a bright example of the usage of energy storage devices, specifically Lithium-ion batteries. A Battery Management System (BMS) is required to continuously monitor the battery pack used for any application. A BMS is responsible to make the battery work in a safe operating range, estimating the SOC, and optimizing the usage of each cell inside the battery pack. This paper proposes a technique to design a simple BMS with a warning system. This BMS also deals with the issue of over-charging and deep discharging by balancing the cells inside the battery pack i.e. all cells have the same level of SOC, thus ensuring a healthy battery for the appliances, avoiding any damage and longer life of the battery pack. Also a different topology of the Active Cell Balancing Technique is proposed which balances the cells based on SOC% and not based on Terminal Voltage. The proposed BMS system is experimentally verified in MATLAB/ Simulink software.