Terminal charging scheduling of battery electric buses based on vehicle routing problem

Electric buses are considered to be a viable solution for reducing emission in dense urban areas. However, the greater charging time is a huge challenge for operators. In this paper, charging scheduling method was elaborated based on vehicle routing problem using mixed-integer linear programming model. The main novelty of the paper is the combination of modelling aspect, namely flexible turn sequence and heterogeneous shared charging infrastructure. It was found that the method helps to reduce dwelling time and the number of buses in operation. In the future, we plan to integrate driver regulations, heterogeneous bus fleet, multiple depots and terminals into the model.