Design of an integrated CMOS PLL frequency synthesizer

Due to higher costs, bulkiness and larger power consumption, it is no longer desirable to implement wireless transceivers with discrete elements. This paper describes the design of an essential component in wireless transceivers, the frequency synthesizer. The synthesizer is implemented using the dual phase locked loop (PLL) architecture. The synthesizer generates signals in the 2.4-2.5 GHz range with a 1 MHz resolution. Using the 0.35 /spl mu/m CMOS process, post-layout simulations showed a phase noise of -82 dBc/Hz at an offset of 10 kHz and reference sidebands at -60 dBc, both these parameters with respect to a 2.45 GHz carrier.