Effect of Dust Deposition on Performance of Photovoltaic Module and Methods of Cleaning for Improved Performance in Pakistan

The use of solar photovoltaic (PV) modules has become one of the promising sources of energy worldwide over the decade due to its distinguishing qualities. It produces electricity at a relatively low cost and is eco-friendly, emission-free, and abundantly available. One of the significant environmental factors that reduce the efficiency of PV modules drastically is the deposition of dust on their surface. Through the wind, dust can be carried to the shiny surface of the module, which inhibits the transmission of solar radiation. In this work, two polycrystalline silicon photovoltaic modules were installed on a rooftop to explore the effects of dust deposition on energy yield. One was kept clean, while the other was left to let the dust deposit naturally on its surface for six weeks. By comparing clean and dirty output parameters, it was possible to calculate the percentage loss in power output of modules. The structural attributes and composition of the dust samples collected were evaluated. This research found that dust deposition on the module’s surface decreases power over time. Globally used cleaning methods are also described and analyzed. In addition, the study findings may help determine the cleaning method and estimate the cost of cleaning solar modules.