A Study of Major Depressive Disorder Based on Resting-State Multilayer EEG Function Network

Depression is a complex mental disease with its pathological mechanism unclear. To depict the complete picture of the abnormal information interaction in a depressed brain, this study is the first to apply fully connected multilayer brain functional (FCMBF) network framework and proposed composite FCMBF (CFCMBF) network framework, combined with graph theory to analyze the within-frequency coupling (WFC) and cross-frequency coupling (CFC) of sensor-layer and source-layer electroencephalography (EEG) signals in relevant subjects. Results showed that in the sensor-layer FCMBF network, depressive patients showed significantly reduced functional connectivity, as well as abnormal global and local information processing abilities of the network, and these network properties were significantly correlated with depressive symptoms. In addition, from the perspective of depression recognition, we found that the sensor-layer CFCMBF network could achieve better classification accuracy, especially when using the overlapping degree of node under the right center region, its accuracy could reach
$86.88\% \pm 9.25 \%$
. More importantly, the construction of the CFCMBF network has higher time efficiency and less information loss, since it not only measures the WFC and CFC between brain region representative signals (BRRSs) extracted from different brain regions, but also measures these two couplings between all nodes within each brain region. Although the FCMBF network contains more complete information by calculating WFC and CFC between all nodes distributed in each region, it will result in an enormous computational cost. In summary, this study proved the utility of multilayer brain network in revealing the abnormal brain interaction patterns of depression, and our proposed method might provide methodological support for efficient depression recognition research based on multilayer brain networks.