A4MD: Artery for Misbehavior Detection, Reporting, and Reaction in the ETSI C-ITS

Messages in Cooperative-Intelligent Transportation Systems (C-ITS) are secured using cryptography to ensure authenticity and authorization. However, this cannot prevent the semantical incorrectness of the message, which can be caused by either faulty sensors or malicious intent. This misbehavior must be detected and mitigated by receiving stations to prevent harm. Further, misbehaving stations need to be sanctioned by informing their manufacturer, owner, or evicting them from the C-ITS to protect other systems proactively. This misbehavior detection management process of detection, reporting, and sanctioning will be part of European and American Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS). For research in this domain, we propose the Artery 4 Misbehavior Detection (A4MD) framework, building on the Artery V2X simulation framework and Framework for Misbehavior Detection (F2MD) for the European C-ITS. The framework's capabilities are shown by an evaluation of the Misbehavior Reporting protocol proposed in ETSI TR 103 460.