Design and Analysis of High-Efficiency Ecofriendly Lead-free Perovskite Solar Cell with TiO2 and C60 Electron Transport Layers

Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have accomplished an efficiency of ~25%. The most commonly used perovskite solar cell is methyl-ammonium lead iodide. As all PSCs with PCEs > 20% use Pb-based perovskites as the absorption layer. It indicates that Pb (lead) is essential for attaining high efficiency. Pb must be substituted in these materials notwithstanding the s uccess of these solar cells since the breakdown products of met al halide perovskite can really be detrimental both to the envir onment and people. To solve the problem, numerous non-toxic materials, including tin (Sn), germanium (Ge), bismuth (Bi), antimony (Sb), and copper, have been used to replace Pb in PSCs (Cu). In this work, lead-free Tin based perovskite material has been used to develop higher efficiency using Atlas- TCAD. Two different structures have been proposed: TiO2 or C60 as ETL (electron transport layer) and an HTL (hole transport layer) free perovskite structure. A comparative study is performed in this manuscript for its device performance which includes Open Circuit Voltage (Voc), Short-Circuit Current Density (Jsc), Fill Factor (FF), Power Conversion Efficiency (PCE) and Quantum Efficiency (QE).