An Analysis of Multi-GNSS Observations From Android Smartphones

Modern smartphones are embedded with Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) sensors and enables them to be used for the collection of raw data for basic GNSS research. Low-cost GNSS chips stimulated innovation in highprecision positioning, navigation, and timing capabilities. The objective of this study is to examine and contrast the GNSS Android observations from different satellite systems (e.g., GPS, GLONASS, Galileo, BeiDou, etc.) obtained from Android smartphones equipped with single-and dual-frequency GNSS chipsets. The observations were collected using commonly available smartphones in a clear sky environment and the data were analyzed in terms of signal strength. The results showed that the dual-frequency multi-GNSS signals provided better signal strength and reliability compared to single-frequency GNSS signals. This analysis will provide valuable insights into the potential of using Android smartphones as low-cost multiGNSS receivers for various applications.