Development of optimization algorithms for electromagnetic characterization in free space

In recent years, in the aerospace industry, there has been a trend based on replacing the classic metallic materials with new advanced materials such as carbon fiber composites (CFC), fiberglass, etc. Due to this, the electromagnetic (EM) characterization of these new materials is essential to maintain safety and EM compatibility. This article will focus on the free space measurement technique, from which a series of optimization algorithms have been developed, allowing the extraction of permittivity and permeability of materials in a frequency range up to 40 GHz using the Time-Domain Gating from a Vector Network Analyzer (VNA).