Graph Theoretic Approach for Decentralized Control Architecture of Cyber Physical Smart Grid

The need for power in the corporate, domestic, and industrial sectors is growing and driving the interest of researchers to hunt for emerging solutions for the future power grid. The smart grid is an electrical energy infrastructure that uses information and communication technologies. Moreover, the smart grid allows bi-directional power flow and an improved monitoring structure that is attack-resistant, reliable, and aware of predicting future uncertainty. Since the smart grid depends heavily on communication and cyber infrastructure, it is imperative to study the effects of cyber contingencies on the physical power system. This paper proposes a graph theory based modelling to perform cyber contingency analysis for a cyber physical smart grid. Both power and cyber networks are represented as two individual graphs in graph theory-based modeling. The effect of cyber contingency on the physical system is quantified using an optimal power flow algorithm. The control architecture considered in this paper is decentralized. The decentralized Optimal Power Flow (OPF) problem has been solved using the Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers (ADMM). The proposed algorithm is illustrated utilizing IEEE 39 bus system. The results show that the system cost is less, and power supplied to the customers is more in a decentralized control structure than in traditional centralized architecture.