Heat Wave Study using Satellite LST and Air Temperature Data over Gujarat Region

Intense, durational, and frequent heat wave becomes a concern in the modern era as they directly effect on human mortality and climate. In this paper, heat wave detection is accomplished through satellite observation and air temperature over the Gujarat region for the period of 15
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March 2022. The Land Surface Temperature (LST) was derived from Indian National Satellite System (INSAT-3D) images for the normal and heat wave year, which indicates severe conditions in some parts of the state. The LST analysis over different land cover types for the year 2019–2022 was observed, which indicates LST intensity on cropland is higher than on other land covers during heat wave. We also qualitatively analyze the correlation between Moderate Resolution Imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS) satellite LST and air temperature over the last 15 years by fitting a linear trend line. It describes the dynamic behavior of land covers over the years. The comparison of an air temperature of normal and heat wave years shows a surge in air temperature during the heat wave in the daytime. This finding shows the potential of satellite remote sensing as it is promising means of accurate study and detection of heat waves from the synoptic view as well as it will help to understand the heat wave pattern.