Coordinated Planning of Active Distribution Network and V2G Charging Stations Considering the Load Characteristics of V2G Stations

In this paper, the MILP methodology is utilized to collaboratively plan the active distribution network (ADN) and Vehicle-to-grid (V2G) charging stations. This research considers the load characteristics of V2G charging stations in different areas, including residential areas, office areas, and commercial areas. In addition, the paper discusses the impact of energy storage system (ESS) and capacitor bank (CB) on planning costs. Besides, a demand response model is developed based on the influence of time-of-use tariff. The modeling also takes into account the load attributes of different nodes, including constant impedance, constant current and constant power characteristics. The present methodology was tested in IEEE 33-nodes distribution system. The planning results of three cases were compared, providing reference for planning issues considering V2G charging stations.