Integrated Power and Hydrogen Trading in Multimicrogrid Coupled with Offsite Hydrogen Refueling Stations

This paper proposes a novel two-level electricity and hydrogen market framework for multi-microgrids (MMGs) coupled with offsite hydrogen refueling stations (HRSs), aiming to strengthen the synergy between electricity and hydrogen. The local hydrogen market among the MMG and HRSs is modeled by multi-leader multi-follower Stackelberg game theory, in which microgrids play the role of leaders to adjust hydrogen prices while HRSs participate as followers to determine their hydrogen purchase scheme. Moreover, to deal with economic and technical issues of the MMG in a holistic manner, Nash bargaining theory is used to model the electricity transaction among microgrids. A distributed algorithm is developed to solve such games, thus reducing the cost of information communication and the risk of privacy exposure. The case study demonstrates that this market mechanism guarantees benefits for all parties and boosts the independence of MMGs by reducing transactions with the main grid.