Automated Construction of the biomimetic module under holographic imaging feedback

The 3D bioprinting technology is significant to develop the constructing technology of artificial tissue modules integrating the structural bionics and functional bionics, which can reproduce the physiologically relevant morphologies and functions of the real human tissue. However, the different tissues and organs in the human body exhibit various microscopic properties, and there are thus differences in micro-scale 3D morphologies and mechanical stiffness among the real human tissues. Here, we propose a novel constructing method with the real-time feedback based on the digital holographic imaging to achieve the reproduction of 3D morphology and mechanical stiffness like the real human tissue. With the digital holographic imaging, the real-time visualization of the 3D morphology and mechanical stiffness are achieved, which can high-accurately modulate the microscopic properties and macroscopic morphology of the biological module. Finally, PEGDA hydrogel biomaterials is used to construct the artificial tissue module with different morphologic characteristics and mechanical stiffness. The morphologic accuracy and mechanical stiffness can be controlled in the range of ± 10$\mu$m and ± 5kPa, respectively.