Approximated Fractional-Order Capacitor "Seed" Impedance Characterization to Support Fully-Controllable Immittance Converters

One recent method to approximate and physically implement fractional-order elements utilizes a fully-controllable immittance converter (FGIC). With this approach, external components are used with the FGIC to implement a target floating immittance value. This immittance can be fractional-order if at least one of the external components is a fractional-order element. Here, a fractional-order capacitor is approximated for use as the fractional-order element using an RC-network; designed specifically to meet the usable bandwidth (10 kHz to 1 MHz) of an FGIC44 (an integrated circuit realization of a floating immittance converter using operational-transconductance amplifiers).