An Integrated Approach to Lithium-Ion Battery Cell Management through Accurate Voltage Measurement and Cell Balancing

Battery packs have become a critical component in various applications from portable electronics to electric vehicles. Accurate voltage measurement is essential for effective battery management, ensuring safety and reliability, which is especially important in high-power battery packs that consist of multiple cells connected in series or parallel configurations, such as Electric Vehicles (EVs). This paper explores the voltage measurement topologies, pack configuration principles, and implementation of cell balancing in a lithiumion battery pack. We review the various types of faults that can occur in lithiumion batteries, different voltage sensor placement strategies, and their impact on the accuracy and robustness of voltage measurement. Our results show that proper cell balancing can improve battery performance, reduce the risk of safety incidents, and extend the battery lifespan.