A Review on IoT-based Defensive Devices for Women Security

In India, the number of crimes committed against women and girls is rising quickly every day. Even in our developed environment, women are unable to live autonomously. Domestic violence, assaults, threats, and teasing of women and girls are recorded often each day. Women are worshipped as goddesses in India. Women play many roles like mother, sister, and spouse and guide men in many aspects. But they are underrated and face unexpected assaults, domestic violence, and threats from society. One female in India is physically assaulted every 1 hour, as per the latest official data. But owing to a lack of sufficient proof, the offender escapes punishment. Such incidents are 99% unidentified, undetected, and undocumented. Surveillance cameras are somewhat helpful, but when the incident takes place in a secluded place, it is impossible to track down the suspect. One of the key causes is that school children are not taught the distinction between pleasant and unpleasant touch. Girls who are aware of the unpleasant touch but don't want to tell their parents tend to do so reluctantly or wait until after the crime has been done, which is useless. In such circumstances, the chance of the offender being punished is relatively minimal. Many researchers have suggested, designed, and implemented Women's Safety Devices (WSD) which protect them from unexpected abuses, assaults, teasing, and threats. There are many WSDs implemented by many researchers in this modern world using the Internet of Things (IoT), Embedded Systems, and Mobile apps. In this work, we studied the existing methods related to Embedded and IOT-based WSD that worked effectively and efficiently and presented challenges that most of the researchers faced while developing WSD. We hope these challenges and research gaps may be useful for building new, efficient, flawless, and accurate WSD by the existing and young researchers who are working in the domain of WSD.