The Exploration and Evaluation of Generating Affective $360^{\circ}$ Panoramic VR Environments Through Neural Style Transfer

Affective virtual reality (VR) environments with varying visual style can impact users' valence and arousal responses. We applied Neural Style Transfer (NST) to generate $360^{\circ}$ VR environments that elicited users' varied valence and arousal responses. From a user study with 30 participants, findings suggested that generative VR environments changed participants' arousal responses but not their valence levels. The generated visual features, e.g., textures and colors, also altered participants' affective perceptions. Our work contributes novel in-sights about how users respond to generative VR environments and provided a strategy for creating affective VR environments without altering content.