Investigating the Minimal Condition of the Dynamic Invisible Body Illusion

Visual-tactile synchronization or visual-motor synchronization makes a non-innate body feel like one's own body (illusory body ownership). A recent study has shown that body ownership is induced to an empty space between the hands and feet from the motion of only hands and feet (dynamic invisible body illusion). However, it is unclear whether both hands and feet are necessary to induce the illusion. In this study, we investigated the minimal condition for the dynamic invisible body illusion by manipulating the presentation of hands and feet. Our results suggest that both hands and feet are necessary for the illusion.