Influence of Anthropomorphic Agent on Human Empathy Through Games

The social acceptance of AI agents, including intelligent virtual agents and physical robots, is becoming more important for the integration of AI into human society. Although the agents used in human society share various tasks with humans, their cooperation may frequently reduce the task performance. One way to improve the relationship between humans and AI agents is to have humans empathize with the agents. By empathizing, humans feel positively and kindly toward agents, which makes it easier to accept them. In this study, we focus on tasks in which humans and agents have various interactions together, and we investigate the properties of agents that significantly influence human empathy toward the agents. To investigate the effects of task content, difficulty, task completion, and an agent’s expression on human empathy, two experiments were conducted. The results of the two experiments showed that human empathy toward the agent was difficult to maintain with only task factors, and that the agent’s expression was able to maintain human empathy. In addition, a higher task difficulty reduced the decrease in human empathy, regardless of task content. These results demonstrate that an AI agent’s properties play an important role in helping humans accept them.