Benefits Realization of Robotic Process Automation (RPA) Initiatives in Supply Chains

Robotic Process Automation (RPA), which automates repetitive, rule-based operations, is becoming a crucial component of today’s enterprises as they compete in more dynamic business contexts. This study intends to provide implications on the Benefits Realization Key Success Factors (BRKSFs) appropriate for RPA projects, given that between 30% and 50% of RPA initiatives fail. The methodology of this study comprises three stages: identify the main contributing BRKSFs, develop a hierarchical relationship model for BRKSFs, and provide real-world examples to show the usability of BRKSFs using two case studies. The results show that having a clear, well-defined, and unchanging process is the most important BRKSF because of its strong influence over other factors. Three factors, namely, aligning the objective of the RPA initiative with the organization’s strategic objectives, choosing the right process for automation, and change management, have lower driving powers but high dependence powers than other factors. The five factors that have both high driving and high dependence powers are: prioritizing the benefits that can be obtained through the RPA initiative, performing a feasibility study, assembling a cross-functional team, having a team leader and receiving support from top management. This study sheds light on the interdependencies between BRKSFs for academics and business professionals, enabling them to determine which variables must be considered most for RPA initiatives.