Evaluating population and infrastructure exposure to Mount Batur volcanic risk

The Mount Batur volcanic activity provides fertile soil and useful eruption products, but the concentration of the population can also increase the risk factors for being affected by the eruption. Mount Batur in Bangli Regency, Bali Province, attracts sand miners and tourists due to its attractiveness. Its fertility supports the local farming community. The high number of tourists and sand mining activities cause the level of risk in a volcanic eruption scenario to be higher. This research analyzes the social and infrastructures as elements at risk to mitigate the impacts. We acquired high-resolution land cover data obtained from drone mapping. We analyzed social exposure through interviews and filling out questionnaires. We combined the existing hazard zone and exposure analysis. The results of this research are an exposure map and the amount of possible risk of a zone to potential eruption materials. In the volcanic hazard zone of Mount Batur, it is estimated that there are 17,461 people distributed in 15,917 building polygons of the settlement area, or around 16.01% of the total Kintamani District population. For the public facilities identified in this study, there are 8 schools, 1 hospital, and 1 public health center in the volcanic hazard zone of Mount Batur. The types of vegetation that are mostly exposed to the volcanic hazard zone of Mount Batur are fields (±6442.14 hectares) and plantations (±5577.17 hectares).