Recent Progress in Synchronization Approaches to Mitigation Voltage Sag Using HESS D-FACTS

The contribution of a hybrid energy storage system (HESS) is expediently growing at the power grid (PG). Recent interest in the integration of HESS into the PG poses a challenge to distributed flexible ac transmission system (DFACTS) technology based on the synchronization approaches including a phase-locked loop (PLL) and synchronous reference frame (SRF-PLL) to eliminate the voltage sag. Needless to say, there is growing awareness of the voltage sag damage caused by several fault scenarios in the PG. Thus, reducing power quality (PQ) problems and greenhouse gas emissions are the main driver to eliminate voltage sag in the PG using D-FACTS technology. This article has successfully replaced the energy storage system with the PG with HESS inclusion photovoltaic (PV) Module, Fuel Cell (FC), and lithium battery. The HESS quickly gained control of voltage and reduced costs. Moreover, this article contributes to providing a conceptual framework to enhance a superior PG by eliminating voltage sag. In this context, PLL and SRF-PLL play a crucial role in control as well as inverters’ operation for the power grid. The D-FATS technology is designed to eliminate voltage sag to improve PQ.