Manta Ray Foraging Optimization Algorithm for Solving the LEDs Placement Problem in Indoor VLC Systems

Visible light communication is an excellent alternative to traditional Radio Frequency (RF) technology where many problems have been detected including saturation of the RF spectrum, making wireless communication unable to support the high demand of wireless connections. VLC allows communication between users using Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs) as transmitters and Photo-detectors (PDs) as receivers. The deployment of LEDs in indoor VLC Systems is an important issue that affects the coverage of the network. In this paper, we applied the Manta Rays Foraging Optimization (MRFO) algorithm for tackling the LEDs placement problem in indoor VLC systems. We formulate an optimization problem with the goal of maximizing coverage, throughput while ensuring the network requirements. The performance of MRFO was validated in terms of user coverage and throughput compared to Whale Optimization Algorithm (WOA), Bat Algorithm (BAT), and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO). The simulation results demonstrated that MRFO is more effective than WOA, BAT, and PSO in determining optimal placement of LEDs.