Research on the optimal bidding strategy for coal-fired enterprises in the spot market of electricity under the carbon emission rights auction mechanism

In the process of renewable energy transition, the power sector, as the largest carbon emitting sector, the increase in the proportion of internalized external costs of carbon emissions will lead to an increase in marginal generation costs. Therefore, this paper selects the coal-fired power generation type with the highest carbon emission intensity among all power generation types, considers the impact of the presence of carbon costs on the profits of coal-fired enterprises, and constructs a two-layer decision model for coal-fired enterprises in the carbon and electricity markets. Because the offer strategy is more complex and the offer clearing frequency is higher in the electric energy market, the density-based cluster analysis, Mahalanobis distance identifies the typical offer strategy of coal-fired enterprises in the electric energy market, and the selection of the optimal offer strategy is taken as the lower layer of the two-layer model, and the three types of costs, namely, acquisition cost, energy transition cost and fuel generation cost, which are generated by different carbon emission rights acquisition channels of coal-fired enterprises, are considered as the lower layer of the two-layer model. The upper model is to maximize the value of the profit function that takes into account the acquisition cost, energy transition cost and fuel generation cost of the coal-fired enterprises. The objective of this paper is to make a profit maximization decision for coal-fired enterprises considering the cost of carbon, and to mitigate the risks faced by coal-fired enterprises in the process of energy transition.