The Performance of Electric and Hybrid Cars and the Effect of Their Use in the Environmental Cycle

The numerous dangers, to which today's urban areas are vulnerable, pose serious risks to human and environmental health. These threats include air pollution, noise pollution, traffic congestion, stress, etc. About 75% to 80% of air pollution in cities, especially megacities, in Iran and around the world is related to urban transport and generated by vehicle exhaust. Researchers are tracking vehicle production, reducing dependency on fossil fuels, and integrating alternative renewable energy sources to promote long-term mobility. Automakers have made tremendous action to address this problem, most notably by adopting hybrid vehicles as an alternative to gasoline-powered vehicles. These automobiles are distinguished by their high levels of efficiency, minimal emissions, good mileage, top-notch safety features, etc. Discussions on an automobile's environmental friendliness should prioritize issues like factory pollution and its effect on global warming. Using hybrids or electric automobiles dramatically reduces the release of harmful gases like CO and NOx that can impair people's health. Because of Iran's environmental situation and the country's rising levels of air pollution and greenhouse gases, it's crucial to pinpoint and assess the elements influencing the creation of hybrid cars. Electric vehicles are preferable to internal combustion vehicles due to their greater reliability and lower maintenance needs. In this research, we briefly go through the features and benefits of electric and hybrid vehicles, as well as their general entrance to the market. Additionally, the cost, fuel consumption, and pollutant emission of hybrid automobiles are compared to those of other commonly used cars in the country, an issue that has not been thoroughly and consistently addressed in prior research. And there is discussion of the benefits and drawbacks of employing electric automobiles in conjunction with sustainability and compatibility techniques, and there has been a relatively short record of study into this category of the vehicle. It has been discovered that there are benefits and drawbacks to every type of hybrid vehicle, and that efforts to mitigate the negatives have gained momentum as a result of hybrids' lower carbon footprints.