Efficient Multi-Objective Optimization for Analyzing Lifetime Characteristics of Battery Energy Storage System in a Standalone Microgrid Considering Resource and Load Limitations

Renewable energy sources and batteries are critical components for power delivery on a stand-alone microgrid. Hence, the microgrid must be optimized to achieve the lowest energy-generating costs. According to its intermittent nature, integrating renewable energy sources in microgrids poses a severe challenge to assuring their stability and reliability. One of the possible ways to address this issue and participate in the profitable operation of microgrids is the grid-level battery energy storage system. Moreover, when renewable energy sources and batteries cannot provide enough power to load, the diesel generator is employed to generate electricity. Investigating the lifespan characteristics of the energy storage system in great detail is also necessary to establish a microgrid's efficient and dependable operation. In this article, to realize the economic operation of an independent island microgrid, an optimization model considering the effect of power generation and consumption in microgrids on the cost of losses, battery life, operation cost, maintenance cost, fuel cost, and environmental costs have been taken into account. In the proposed model, energy waste in defective batteries and the effect of reactive power on losses and related expenses are considered to obtain a set of optimal operating parameters. A multi-objective optimization will be provided to optimize the usable life of lead-acid batteries, decrease the energy waste costs in faulty batteries, and reduce the cost of active-reactive power production. A new meta-heuristic algorithm called Prairie Dog Optimization (PDO) is developed to optimize the multi-objective model. The results demonstrated that the suggested strategy might improve system performance in various situations and assist users in obtaining the ideal microgrid system operating plans.