Smart Grid based Power System Modernization through Implementation of HVDC Technology and Micro Grids in Pakistan: An Overview

In the 21
^st
-century energy is crucial for existence, and its constant and abundant supply provides a country with much-needed economic growth and social development. However, Pakistan's electrical power infrastructure is deficient due to insufficient and inefficient power generation, inadequate transmission and distribution facilities, and obsolete metering systems used by electricity customers. Globally, during the last decade, the potential application of smart grid (SG) technology for upgrading electrical power systems has received considerable attention. Pakistan has enormous potential for electrical grid development, which can be enhanced by implementing a SG comprised of high voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission and renewable energy (RE) integration. This paper aims to study the transmission of electricity from localized RE resources over long distances, utilizing HVDC technology and its local distribution with the help of SG and microgrids (MG).