A Storage-Based Fixed-Time Frequency Synchronization Method for Improving Transient Stability and Resilience of Smart Grid

A storage-based distributed fixed-time frequency synchronization method is developed to enhance the frequency and transient stability of smart grid. The multi-agent cyber-physical model of power system is the foundation of the proposed control method which utilizes data on the relative angle and frequency between the local agent and its neighbor agents. The control method mainly consists of frequency control based on energy storage system (ESS), P-
$\omega $
droop control of synchronous generator (SG), and P-
$\theta $
droop control of converter-based generator (CBG), which is designed by the backstepping method and Lyapunov theory. In addition, to hasten frequency synchronization, the nonlinear voltage control which is compatible with frequency control is presented. Meanwhile, the control method is not only applied to the homogeneous power systems only include SGs, but also deals with the challenge of heterogeneous bus dynamics introduced by the coexistence of SGs and CBGs. The distributed fixed-time frequency control can achieve self-protecting from denial-of-service (DoS) attacks by transforming into decentralized control. Comparative simulations show that the designed storage-based frequency synchronization method is preferable in improving the transient stability and resilience of smart grid.