Bottom material entrainment in 3D simulations of flows on mountain slopes in open-source solver avalancheFoam

The article is devoted to the development of a bottom material entrainment model for three-dimensional computational modeling of flows on mountain slopes. The implemented entrainment model is based on the principle of exceeding the threshold value by shear stresses in the slope material. The developed solver also allows taking into account other important properties of mountain flows, such as non-Newtonian rheology, real terrain, flow jump over the slope surface, interaction with obstacles, turbulent flow regime. The developed open source solver is based on the multiphaseInterFoam solver of the OpenFOAM package.