Location-based Markov clustering routing protocol versus Density-based clustering routing protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks

As the Internet of Things (IoT) continues to develop, Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are being utilized more and more. The most pressing issue in these networks is the need to reduce energy consumption as much as possible to ensure the longevity of the network. A novel routing protocol, WMCL-BCRP, has been proposed which is based on Markovian clustering and sensor weighting. It is a hybrid solution that combines the grouping of the network sensors in a centralized way using Markov clustering and the implementation of a new decentralized approach for the election of the cluster heads(CH) and sensors involved in the routing according to two criteria, which are the density of sensors and their residual energy. WMCL-BCRP is an improved version of MCL-BCRP, which utilizes the same clustering system and selects cluster heads, and sends sensors based on their location and energy levels. Simulations of the WMCL-BCRP protocol show significant network lifespan increases compared to its successor MCL-BCRP and LEACH.