Closed Loop Control of Brushless DC Motor by Various Controllers for Lightweight EVs

BLDC (Brushless Direct Current) motors are becoming an increasingly popular choice for Electric Vehicles (EVs) especially lightweight EVs such as two and three wheelers which form a major portion of vehicles on Indian roads. BLDC motors have similar traits as that of DC motors without the issue of loss in brush and commutator. The factors which are responsible for the popularity of BLDC motors are high reliability, high efficiency, high starting torque, and high durability. But it also suffers from issues like electromagnetic torque ripple, acoustic noise, and flux ripple, with torque ripple being the major one. To overcome these problems, research in control techniques of BLDC motors is being done. Closed loop control is an effective way to enhance control and reduce ripple. This paper studies and compares the behavior of the BLDC motor in closed-loop operation using PI, PID and cascade controllers. MATLAB/ SIMULINK 2016 software is used to perform simulations.