Block-based copy-move forgery detection in digital images: a survey

Digital photographs are employed in a variety of settings, including crime scene investigation, forensic analysis, and courts. With the introduction of image editing tools, modifying and manipulating image content has become a breeze. Nowadays, anyone with minimal computer skills may readily edit or delete significant image data without leaving apparent evidence. Image forgeries can be done in several methods, including copy-move and splicing. Given the seriousness of these alterations, it is critical to detect any picture manipulation properly. Several approaches for detecting copy-move forging (CMFD) have been developed. These approaches are categorised as block-based (BLK) or keypoint-based (KP). This paper provides an overview of recent research papers on CMFD published in prestigious conferences and journals.