Reconfigurable Pb-Free Perovskite Array for X-Ray In-Sensor Computing

Conventional X-ray imaging architectures feature data redundancy and hardware consumption due to the separated sensory terminal and computing units. In-sensor computing architectures are promising to overcome such drawbacks. However, its realization in the X-ray range remains elusive. We propose an ion distribution-induced reconfigurable mechanism and demonstrate the X-ray band in-sensor computing array based on Pb-free perovskite. Redistribution of Br− ion in perovskite induces the switching of positive and negative (PN) and NP modes under electrical pooling. X-ray detection sensitivity can be switched between two stable self-power sensing modes with 4373 ± 298 and
$-7804\,\,\pm \,\,429\,\,\mu \text{C}$

${\mathrm {Gy}}_{{\text {air}}}^{-{1}}$
cm−2, respectively, which are superior to that of commercial a-Se detectors (
$20 ~\mu \text{C}$

${\mathrm {Gy}}_{{\text {air}}}^{-1}$
cm−2). Both modes exhibit a low detection limit of 48.4
${\mathrm {nGy}}_{{\text {air}}}\,\,\text{s}^{-{1}}$
, which is two orders lower than the typical medical dose rate of
$5.5 ~\mu {\mathrm {Gy}}_{{\text {air}}}\,\,\text{s}^{-{1}}$
. The perovskite array sensors can integrate with thin-film transistors (TFTs) with low-temperature (80 °C) process, in which the photocurrent distribution under irradiation shows good uniformity. An in-sensor computing algorithm of attention mechanism is performed on array sensors for chest X-ray images disease recognition, which enables an accuracy improvement of up to 98.2%. Our results can pave the way for future intelligent X-ray imaging.