Periodic Structures and Its Interaction to EM Wave Spectrum, Ideas From X-Ray to MW Wave

X-ray is an important tool for characterizing materials, which is based on the idea that all crystals are composed of atoms or molecules stacking in a particular type, basically expressing as unit cell, diffracting the incident ray with a proper type. In analogue, the periodic structures which are mostly constructed artificially show special desired properties, such as the properties of grating, frequency selective surfaces, metamaterials and metasurface. In this paper, A study was done on the insight of the relation of wave interaction with periodic structures based on X-ray diffraction and control of electromagnetic waves.