Comparative retrieval approaches for concentrated Suspended Particulate Matter (CSPM) detection in the Ganges using Sentinel-2 and Cloud Computing

In this paper, there are four distinct models utilized for the retrieval of $C_{\mathbf{SPM}}$ from the Sentinel 2A/2B satellite imageries by using cloud computing techniques. In this study, a comparative analysis of different $C_{\mathbf{SPM}}$ models was carried out at three different sites (Haridwar, Varanasi, and Hooghly). The study reveals that there are significant changes in $C_{\mathbf{SPM}}$ in the Ganges in three different periods such as pre, during, and post-COVID. Noteworthy, fewer anthropogenic activities have generated important transformations in aquatic environments during the COVID.