Developing Role Model of PV Powered Battery Swapping Stations for e-scooters in Urban Regions

Electric vehicles (EVs) can only provide lower carbon emissions than conventional, internal combustion-powered vehicles if they are charged using green energy. They also have the drawback of long charging times to “refuel” them. To combat these two problems, a solar-powered battery charging and swapping station was developed using centered-human design and systems engineering. The design focuses on electric two-wheeled vehicles (e-scooters) due to the easier handling of their light and low-capacity batteries compared to electric cars. These stations are easy to maintain and manage and can be run by low-income individuals to provide them with a business opportunity. The stations are designed to run independently from the electrical grid and thus be deployed in areas with less sophisticated infrastructure to achieve lower carbon emissions. A based-Mobile application was also designed to identify the next available station with the same battery rating. The project outcome is found reliable in developing economically, ecologically, and socially sustainable services for most needing communities.