Simulation of Integrated Ground Source Heat Pump and Solar Photovoltaic-Thermal System and Feasibility Study in Europe

Renewable energy systems have received significant attention in the building sector for their potential for reductions in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and reduced purchased energy consumption. This paper investigated the integration of ground source heat pumps and photovoltaic-thermal systems by modeling Matlab/Simulink to predict the systems' dynamic, electrical, and thermal behaviors. Two sites in Europe have been selected for the feasibility study, case 1 is in Rome (warm temperature climate), and case 2 is in Helsinki (snow climate). Building heating, cooling, and domestic hot water loads were estimated using models developed in EnergyPlus. The PV/T system was sized at 7kW with 22 panels installed on the roof area in both case studies. The GSHP system was sized at 4kW, determined by the square footage of the single house. A techno-economic-environmental study was performed to evaluate the potential benefits of this integrated renewable energy system, like energy-saving and environmental impact. The system's total energy for Rome was 7082.0 kWh/year and 5687.4 kWh/year for Helsinki. The results demonstrated that the integrated systems could supply 76.8% of Rome's single house energy demands and 43.0% of the energy demands for Helsinki.