Geometric Positioning Error Mitigation of SAR Image in Ocean Utilizing AIS Information

Mitigation of geometric calibration offset in ocean without utilizing ground control points (GCPs) was investigated in this study. Real-time automatic identification system (AIS) information on vessels was exploited after preprocessing and accordingly tested against the detected vessels in the synthetic aperture radar (SAR) image. A repetitive procedure of measuring the offset between the AIS sensor and the vessel detection was conducted and derived the SAR image of which the positioning offset was ameliorated. The proposed geo-location enhancement algorithm demonstrated the possibility of application in real-time vessel monitoring from remote sensing.