Local Energy System: A Comprehensive Review of Modelling, Tools and Pilot Projects

Globally, this century is the time of localized energy system that are smart and considers cogeneration and considering digitalization as well as decarbonization. Local energy Systems (LES) across the world connected at power distribution level aim to generate and use energy locally thereby reducing the pressure on power transmission infrastructures. LES ameliorate fuel poverty, assists community income generation, improve network management, and reduce operating cost. A surge in LES deployment has been intensively examined in recent era. This work intents to deliver a comprehensive and systematic overview of LES with special focus on the modelling of LES, tools for modelling LES, pilot projects on LES. It is expected that this review will endow the research community with the latest findings in the paradigm of LES.