SuDoKU based Reconfiguration Techniques to T-C-T PV Array for Enhancing the Maximum Power under Partial Shading Patterns

Solar photovoltaic (PV) arrays can be assembled in a variety of ways, including Simple-Series (S-S), Parallel (P), Series-Parallel (S-P), Total-Cross-Tied (T-C-T), Bridge-Linked (B-L), and Honey-Comb (H-C). The T-C-T configuration has been observed to yield the highest power output and is less impacted by partial shading conditions (PSCs). However, this configuration also generates multiple maximum power points (MMPPs) in its output characteristics. To address this issue, PV modules are reconfigured using static and dynamic techniques. Efficient and cost-effective static reconfiguration methods, such as SuDoKU (SDK), Optimal SuDoKU (O-SDK), Improved SuDoKU (I-SDK), and Modified SuDoKU (M-SDK), are available and do not require the use of advanced equipment or controllers. This study analyzes the effectiveness of physical reconfiguration techniques under varying shading conditions, using the two-diode model of PV modules and the MATLAB/Simulink software tool. It evaluates the influence of these techniques on the maximum power output, power loss caused by mismatch, and the number of maximum power points (MPPs) in the output characteristics.