Battery Management System (BMS) for Electric Vehicle Applications

The State of Charge (SoC) is important in determining the remaining capacity of the battery pack, whereas the State of Health (SoH) indicates the battery's health. These two quantities are computed using Coulomb-counting algorithms and the measured voltage, current, and temperature. The battery's fault status is also monitored. If the temperature or current rise above their respective threshold values, the BMS ensures that the load is disconnected from the power supply. As a result, the battery is always operating within the Safe Operating Envelope (SOE). Proteus Software is used for the software simulation, and Arduino, sensors, and a Lithium-ion battery are used for the hardware model.