An Investigation into the creation of a Monitoring System that Works in Real Time within a Smart Grid Environment

In order to ensure the safety and reliability of the electricity grid, real-time monitoring is required. In this research, we describe a low-cost, low-power-consuming system for real-time, precise monitoring of power system parameters in a smart grid setting. The ultra low power micro controller used in the system ensures constant monitoring of key power system characteristics such as voltage, current, phasor difference, power factor, and power consumption. PIC16F877A micro controller is used to measure and track power system characteristics for both resistive and inductive loads. The phase difference between voltage and current can be determined with the help of zero crossing detectors and the sampling theorem. The NI Multisim programme was used to do simulations of the voltage, current, and phasor difference.