Electric Vehicle to grid support on combined frequency and voltage control of multiarea power system considering renewable energy

This paper presented a novel cascade controller named PID with filter-PD with filter (CPIDF-PDF) for combined voltage and frequency control of a two-area hydro-thermal system in presence of a wind turbine system and a DSTS. Electric vehicles (EVs) have been used for the first time to try to reduce voltage and frequency deviation caused by small step load perturbation (SLP) in the system. The performance of EV depends on the battery state-of-charge (SOC). A study has been carried out to analyze the effect of SOC variation on system dynamics during SLP. The CPIDF-PDF controller gains and other parameters are optimized using artificial flora algorithm (AFA). Simulation results reveal the superiority of the CPIDF-PDF controller over PIDF controller. Robustness of the AFA optimized proposed controller is tested against wide variation of the system loading during SLP.