Stable and Tunable PT-Symmetric Single-Longitudinal-Mode Fiber Laser Using a Nonreciprocal Sagnac Loop

A stable and tunable parity-time (PT) symmetric single-longitudinal-mode fiber laser using a nonreciprocal Sagnac loop is proposed, which is experimentally and numerically demonstrated. The nonreciprocal Sagnac loop only including a 3-dB optical coupler (OC) and a polarization controller (PC) is incorporated into a fiber ring cavity, in which the nonreciprocal light transmission between frequency-degenerate clockwise (CW) and counterclockwise (CCW) resonator modes is induced to suppress multiple-longitudinal-mode oscillation of the laser. The two light paths along the CW and CCW directions in the Sagnac loop are respectively defined as the gain and loss loops of the PT-symmetric laser, due to a controllable birefringence induced by the PC. By controlling the polarization states of the two light waves, the PT symmetry is broken when the gain coefficient is larger than the coupling coefficient, single-mode lasing is thus achieved. Experimental results show that the optical signal to noise ratio (OSNR) of the single-mode lasing at 1550 nm is 43.0 dB, proving the great superiority of PT symmetry for lasing mode selection. By tuning an optical tunable band-pass filter incorporated into the fiber cavity, the wavelength of single-mode lasing varies from 1530 to 1560 nm, and their 3-dB Lorentzian linewidth varies within a range from 529 to 687 Hz. During a 30-min observation period, the variations of wavelength drift and OSNR of the single-mode lasing are less than 6 pm and 2.42 dB, respectively. The advantages of the proposed scheme are obvious, which include simple structure, low cost, simple operation, and good stability.