A Study of Injection Locking in Oscillators and Frequency Dividers

A time-variant model provides a framework for understanding and modeling injection locking in oscillators and frequency dividers. Application of the model offers new insights and allows optimization for lock range and power consumption. Two prototypes with no tuning are realized in 28-nm CMOS technology. The first operates from 26 to 63 GHz while drawing 1.88 mW. The second achieves a range of 24–73 GHz with a power consumption of 4.76 mW.