Microfabrication and Characterization of Micro-Stereolithographically 3d Printed, and Double Metallized Bioplates with 3D Microelectrode Arrays for In-Vitro Analysis of Cardiac Organoids

This paper reports for the first time a bioplate microfabrication process using 3D printing technology and a two-step metallization process (ink-casting and sputtering deposition) that enables in-vitro studies of cardiac organoids through 3D microelectrode arrays (MEAs). The fabricated bioplate is in high-throughput (HT) platform, containing 24 wells and 9 spaghetti-shaped electrodes per well, representing 192 recording sites and 24 stimulation sites in total. The 3D MEA was characterized structurally by optical, SEM and 3D confocal microscopy, and functionally by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) with and without a synthetic organoid. Lastly, the bioplate is designed to interface with commercially available HT systems such as Maestro (Axion Biosystems).