A Survey on Spectrum Handoff Techniques with Research Challenges and Issues

The exceptionally quick development in worldwide mobile data traffic there is a prompt need to have components to use the accessible spectrum to the possible extent. Cognitive radio (CR) is a likely innovation to tackle the spectrum shortage issue for future wireless frameworks. Spectrum sensing, spectrum mobility (handoff), spectrum decision, and spectrum sharing are utmost parts in the CR. Spectrum handoff is a basic part of cognitive radio systems to offer strong assistance for secondary users. There is a lot of literature available about spectrum sensing, however, there is limited research available about spectrum handoff technique (to the best of authors’ knowledge). As a result, the majority of this study focuses on the spectrum handoff approach, including its forms, literature, system model research difficulties, and obstacles. This study may be very valuable for scholars interested in cognitive radio, especially spectrum handoff technology.