A Study of Cryptographic Primitives in the context of Blockchain's Data Integrity and Privacy

In Today's World, Blockchain is a promising Technology in all areas; things have also been drastically changed after COVID-19; challenges surfaced for implementing blockchain technology in the context of its computational complexity and security. After invention of it in 2008, cryptocurrency applications, i.e., Bitcoin it also getting introduced in Different applications. One of the Major Building blocks of Blockchain is Cryptography techniques. This paper discusses Cryptographic primitives used in different phases of Blockchain implementation and the challenges of implementing these cryptographic primitives. Bitcoin uses Cryptographic primitives to generate public-private key pairs and mining, while Ethereum uses Elliptic curve cryptography to create public-private keys and digital signatures. This paper divided uses of cryptographic primitives into three categories used in Blockchains, i.e., key generation Hashes, signature generation hashes, and proof hashes.